This sparked a civil war from which he emerged as the unrivaled leader of the Roman world.Īfter assuming control of government, he began extensive reforms of Roman society and government. Ordered by the Senate to stand trial in Rome for various charges, Caesar marched on Rome with one legion-legio XIII-from Gaul to Italy, crossing the Rubicon in 49īC. Political realignments in Rome finally led to a standoff between Caesar and Pompey, the latter having taken up the cause of the Senate. The balance of power was further upset by the death of Crassus in 53 BC. These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse Pompey's standing. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the Rhine and conducted the first invasion of Britain. Caesar's conquest of Gaul, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative elite within the Roman Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.īust of Caesar from the Naples National Archaeological Caesar (July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose.
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